OSI 與 TCP-IP
History
- 196x: ARPANET was born.
- 197x: TCP/IP protocol and routers were born.
- 198x:
- TCP/IP v4 (IPv4)
.com/.gov/.edu
- 199x:
- IPv6 proposal (needs a loooooong time to migrate 🥲)
- WWW
- Windows
- Search engines
Ref: https://web.ntnu.edu.tw/~499700326/Internethistory.htm
Open System Interconnection (OSI 7 Layers)
This model is too strict: sometimes a protocol cannot be mapped exactly to one layer.
| # | Layer | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Physical | Hardware |
| 2 | Data-Link | Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)；ADSL = PPP over Ethernet = PPPoE |
| 3 | Network | IP |
| 4 | Transport | TCP, UDP |
| 5 | Session | Socket |
| 6 | Presentation | UTF-8, ASCII |
| 7 | Application | HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SSH ... |
TCP/IP
